Modern network analyzers are well suited for measuring S-parameters. Scattering parameters (S-parameters) are defined and measured with the ports terminated in a characteristic reference impedance. This is a nearly impossible constraint for high-frequency broadband measurements. Parameters used earlier in RF design, such as Y-parameters, require opens or shorts on ports during measurement. S-parameters have earned a prominent position in RF circuit design, analysis, and measurement. Carson and Altman provide additional information.
Each parameter type has advantages and disadvantages. These parameters may be used to compute and display network responses and to compute quantities useful for circuit design such as Gmax (maximum gain) and gain circles. A number of network parameter types have been developed for this purpose, including H, Y, Z, S, ABCD, and others. Because the networks are assumed to be linear and time invariant, the characteristics of the networks are uniquely defined by a set of linear equations relating port voltages and currents. Networks are considered as "black boxes". For further details on measurements, refer to Measurements. This section summarizes network analysis concepts and defines some of the parameters plotted by Genesys.
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